The Sant’Anna underpass project involves the off-site construction and subsequent launching (via hydraulic jacks) of an oversized reinforced concrete monolith beneath the Bari Centrale – Torre a Mare railway line. To ensure the continuity of railway operations on this critical stretch of the Bari Sud Hub, the pushing works will be executed while maintaining active traffic on a temporary bridge with a reduced speed limit of 50Km/h. Accessory works include the construction of a hydraulic channel to divert floodwaters between Lama San Marco and Lama Valenzano, thereby reducing the hydrogeological risk. New road infrastructure for urban reconnection will also be built to link the areas of Bari, Mungivacca, and Japigia, which are currently isolated by the new routes. The project presents three main challenges: environmental, requiring the remediation of an area contaminated by extensive waste spillage; geotechnical, due to the presence of an underground aquifer, necessitating the construction of a bottom seal with cement injections and consolidation works such as tied micropile bulkheads before the monolith is launched; and organizational, demanding extremely precise planning based on scheduled line interruptions to minimize the impact on railway traffic and ensure deadlines are met.